Ryan Sharp
English 10
Tobacco Advertising and its Effects on Young People.
In this world there are many injustices that deal with our children. A main injustice is the advertising of tobacco directed to our youths. Every day 3,000 children start smoking, most of them between the ages of 10 and 18. These kids account for 90 percent of all new smokers. In fact, 90 percent of all adults state that they first start smoking as a teenager. The statistics clearly show that young people are the prime targets of tobacco sales.
The head of these media companies are Marlboro and Camel. Marlboro uses a western character known as The Marlboro Man, and Camel uses the "smooth character" Joe Camel. Joe Camel who is shown as a camel with complete style has been attacked by many Tobacco-Free Kids organizations as a major influence on the children of America. Researchers at the Medical College of Georgia report that almost as many 6-year olds recognize Joe Camel as they do Mickey Mouse. That is very shocking information for any parent to hear. Children are attracted by these advertisements because they like cartoons, and they think that a cartoon is harmless and what the cartoon does is harmless too. There is so much cigarette advertising out there a child is sure to be struck by its attention.
The companies deny that these symbols target people under 21 and claim that their advertising goal is simply to promote brand switching. Illinois Rep. Richard Durbin disagrees with this statement stating "If we can reduce the number of young smokers, the tobacco companies will be in trouble and they know it". The companies go toward a market that is not fully aware of the harm that cigarettes are capable of to keep their industry alive and well.
When kids were asked why they started smoking, they gave two contradictory reasons: They wanted to be a part of the crowd. Children don't want to be left out, they want to be wanted. If their peers are smoking then they will want to smoke too. They also wanted to reach out and rebel at the same time. When children are told over and over by more authoritative people not to do something, then they are going to do it. They do this just to get back at the authorities or to satisfy their curiosity. Teens also think of smoking as a sign of independence. The surprising thing is that these kids know that they are being influenced by cigarette advertising.
Here are three things on how to stop the future of America from smoking. Try to convince your children that smoking is not cool. If a child is talked to by there parents then they will listen to what they have to say. Talk to your kids at a young age about the dangers of smoking. If children are informed of the dangers cigarettes provide then they will prevent themselves from smoking. Identify family members who smoke and ask them to quit. If children are not around the habit then they won't have a reason to pick it up.
Children are the most valuable assets we are given in life. Let's try to educate them while they're young to be independent thinkers and to not be swayed by the tobacco companies who are trying to take advantage of their mind and body.
Saturday, January 12, 2013
Genetically Altered Food
Environmental sctence
Genetically Altered Foods
It is quite evident that as technology advances m the scientific sense, we as Americans are becoming more interested. One of the conflicts that have raised concern here lately is that on genetically altered foods. By no surprise, one of the major questions of many is whether or not these foods are safe. As altered foods continue to be produced, we will begin to see much
controversy. As the growing industry expands, soils the research, not only nationally, but also
internationally.
This topic has proven to be an environmental issue, particularly by the money that has been involved, as well as the concern for ones health. To the knowledge of most, the United States can
be very manipulative or should I say persuading, so therefore it doesn't take much on their part to
convince the regulators that the crops are safe. Those who protest have debated on a
list of concerns dealing with this issue. For example, one of which brings a question to the
environmental policies. It states that Stimulating the resistance of cslve use or such herbicides (Nature 559). "
A lot of concern has come from one certain crop and that is maize, which was altered to an extent. The development was done by a company known to be Swiss, called "Ciba-Geiby". That which was debated dealt with the Advisory Committee on Novel Foods and Processes (ACNFP) stating that "A gene resistant to the antibiotic ampicillin used in an early stage of the developmental process, could theoretically be passed to man via bacteria lodged in the gut of animals which eat the maize unprocessed (559)". In response to this attack, the company said that there would need to be a great amount of events that would have to take place. The transferring of DNA to the bacteria is just one of which was addressed. Therefore, the issue isn't settled. One then can only assume that until a hault is put on altering, the industry will keep producing.
My opinion is that as long as there has been no proof of illnesses with the experiments and procedures that have taken place, well then I am for it. So I'm no doubt in agreement with the farmers, who are doing this in an attempt to lower costs. The opinion is very much valid, because if you can cut cost and increase in yields, well then more power to you. Another positive aspect is, as of right now not a single soul has ended up being harmed. The opposing's opinion is valid also, though I think they are trying to look to much into the issue by critiquing it, instead of backing the agri-business by creating a line of trust.
I think that the farmers should continue to do what helps their livelihood, as long as no proof is found on dangers. If or when proof is found, I think the regulators should then step in and make some guidelines. So, if this is not hanning us and the environment, why not keep pursuing larger dollar signs?
References
Nature. "Distrust in Genetically Altered Foods" Vol. 303. 17 Oct 1996. issue 6601 pp. 559-60.
Miller, G.T. 1996, Sustainmg the Earth. Wadsworth Publishing Company, New York, NY.
Genetically Altered Foods
It is quite evident that as technology advances m the scientific sense, we as Americans are becoming more interested. One of the conflicts that have raised concern here lately is that on genetically altered foods. By no surprise, one of the major questions of many is whether or not these foods are safe. As altered foods continue to be produced, we will begin to see much
controversy. As the growing industry expands, soils the research, not only nationally, but also
internationally.
This topic has proven to be an environmental issue, particularly by the money that has been involved, as well as the concern for ones health. To the knowledge of most, the United States can
be very manipulative or should I say persuading, so therefore it doesn't take much on their part to
convince the regulators that the crops are safe. Those who protest have debated on a
list of concerns dealing with this issue. For example, one of which brings a question to the
environmental policies. It states that Stimulating the resistance of cslve use or such herbicides (Nature 559). "
A lot of concern has come from one certain crop and that is maize, which was altered to an extent. The development was done by a company known to be Swiss, called "Ciba-Geiby". That which was debated dealt with the Advisory Committee on Novel Foods and Processes (ACNFP) stating that "A gene resistant to the antibiotic ampicillin used in an early stage of the developmental process, could theoretically be passed to man via bacteria lodged in the gut of animals which eat the maize unprocessed (559)". In response to this attack, the company said that there would need to be a great amount of events that would have to take place. The transferring of DNA to the bacteria is just one of which was addressed. Therefore, the issue isn't settled. One then can only assume that until a hault is put on altering, the industry will keep producing.
My opinion is that as long as there has been no proof of illnesses with the experiments and procedures that have taken place, well then I am for it. So I'm no doubt in agreement with the farmers, who are doing this in an attempt to lower costs. The opinion is very much valid, because if you can cut cost and increase in yields, well then more power to you. Another positive aspect is, as of right now not a single soul has ended up being harmed. The opposing's opinion is valid also, though I think they are trying to look to much into the issue by critiquing it, instead of backing the agri-business by creating a line of trust.
I think that the farmers should continue to do what helps their livelihood, as long as no proof is found on dangers. If or when proof is found, I think the regulators should then step in and make some guidelines. So, if this is not hanning us and the environment, why not keep pursuing larger dollar signs?
References
Nature. "Distrust in Genetically Altered Foods" Vol. 303. 17 Oct 1996. issue 6601 pp. 559-60.
Miller, G.T. 1996, Sustainmg the Earth. Wadsworth Publishing Company, New York, NY.
Bursitis
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Bursitis
Does it hurt to move your arm? Is it tender and radiating pain to your neck and finger tips? Do you have a fever? If you answered yes to two or more of these questions then you may have typical joint injury called bursitis. Bursitis is an inflammation of the bursa that is easily prevented, detected and treated.
Bursitis is a common condition that can cause much pain and swelling around an affected bursa. A bursa is a sac between body tissues that move against each other. They are filled with a lubricating liquid to minimize the fiction between the tissues. The bursa are found mostly in joints between skin and bone or bone and tendons. When you irritate these lubricating sacs, the bursae fill with fluid and become irritated and inflamed. This inflammation causes severe pain with movement of the joint, often limiting the movement of the affected area. Bursitis commonly strikes in the shoulders, elbows, knees, pelvis, hips or Achilles tendons.
Bursitis can affect nearly anyone for any number of reasons. It affects mainly adults both male and female. The individuals most at risk are people who engage in excessive and improper stretching and people who are involved heavily in athletic training. Bursitis can be caused by many things. For one, it can be caused by injury or overuse of a joint. Strenuous unfamiliar exercise also can cause Bursitis. Plus, such diseases as gout, arthritis, and chronic infection of a joint can be likely causes. But frequently the cause of Bursitis can not be determined. The only ways to prevent getting it are to wear protective gear when exorcising, practice appropriate warm ups and cool downs during exercise and to maintain a high fitness level.
Bursitis is an easily treatable disease. If you suspect that you have bursitis, you will probably seek the advice of a doctor. Most likely the doctor will look at your medical history and take some x-rays. If you are diagnosed with bursitis the doctor may prescribe some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and/or pain relievers and may make some cortisone injections into the bursa to relieve inflammation. Once at home you are expected rest the affected area as much as possible and to apply RICE ( rest, ice, compression and elevation of the inflamed joint). Also to prevent the joint from freezing you should begin moving and exercising the affected area as soon as possible. Most likely the problem will subside in 7 to 10 days if proper care is taken.
Bursitis a common, yet painful, joint disorder that can be diagnosed and treated with much ease. Although it is most common in athletes, it can happen to anyone. So take the proper precautions to prevent yourself from acquiring this painful inflammation of the joints known as Bursitis.
Bibliography
1. Jeffrey R.M. Kunz MD, Asher J. Finkel MD, eds. The American Medical Association: Family Medical Guide. New York: Random House, 1982.
2. Griffth, H. Winter. Bursitis. Putnam Berkel Group, 1996. Online. Lycos. Internet. 19 November 1996.
3. Lockshin, Micheal. "Bursitis." World Book. 1992 ed.
Bursitis
Does it hurt to move your arm? Is it tender and radiating pain to your neck and finger tips? Do you have a fever? If you answered yes to two or more of these questions then you may have typical joint injury called bursitis. Bursitis is an inflammation of the bursa that is easily prevented, detected and treated.
Bursitis is a common condition that can cause much pain and swelling around an affected bursa. A bursa is a sac between body tissues that move against each other. They are filled with a lubricating liquid to minimize the fiction between the tissues. The bursa are found mostly in joints between skin and bone or bone and tendons. When you irritate these lubricating sacs, the bursae fill with fluid and become irritated and inflamed. This inflammation causes severe pain with movement of the joint, often limiting the movement of the affected area. Bursitis commonly strikes in the shoulders, elbows, knees, pelvis, hips or Achilles tendons.
Bursitis can affect nearly anyone for any number of reasons. It affects mainly adults both male and female. The individuals most at risk are people who engage in excessive and improper stretching and people who are involved heavily in athletic training. Bursitis can be caused by many things. For one, it can be caused by injury or overuse of a joint. Strenuous unfamiliar exercise also can cause Bursitis. Plus, such diseases as gout, arthritis, and chronic infection of a joint can be likely causes. But frequently the cause of Bursitis can not be determined. The only ways to prevent getting it are to wear protective gear when exorcising, practice appropriate warm ups and cool downs during exercise and to maintain a high fitness level.
Bursitis is an easily treatable disease. If you suspect that you have bursitis, you will probably seek the advice of a doctor. Most likely the doctor will look at your medical history and take some x-rays. If you are diagnosed with bursitis the doctor may prescribe some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and/or pain relievers and may make some cortisone injections into the bursa to relieve inflammation. Once at home you are expected rest the affected area as much as possible and to apply RICE ( rest, ice, compression and elevation of the inflamed joint). Also to prevent the joint from freezing you should begin moving and exercising the affected area as soon as possible. Most likely the problem will subside in 7 to 10 days if proper care is taken.
Bursitis a common, yet painful, joint disorder that can be diagnosed and treated with much ease. Although it is most common in athletes, it can happen to anyone. So take the proper precautions to prevent yourself from acquiring this painful inflammation of the joints known as Bursitis.
Bibliography
1. Jeffrey R.M. Kunz MD, Asher J. Finkel MD, eds. The American Medical Association: Family Medical Guide. New York: Random House, 1982.
2. Griffth, H. Winter. Bursitis. Putnam Berkel Group, 1996. Online. Lycos. Internet. 19 November 1996.
3. Lockshin, Micheal. "Bursitis." World Book. 1992 ed.
Saturday, January 5, 2013
What sports mean to me
Being a cheerleader in the summer of my sophomore year
gave me a new perspective about people and the stereotypes we
put on them. Before I started cheering, I always categorized
athletes who lived only for sports as being "single- minded" and I
valued more highly people with a more diverse of interests.
After cheering for two months and discovered that I was not
very good at it, I realized that sometimes it is necessary to focus
intensely on learning a new skill to excel. As a result of this
experience I have learned to respect my peer's that stand out in
cheering as well as in other sports and not necessarily in the
classroom. I no longer am committed in cheering but this
experience helped me to change certain values and to look deeper
into people before I judge.
gave me a new perspective about people and the stereotypes we
put on them. Before I started cheering, I always categorized
athletes who lived only for sports as being "single- minded" and I
valued more highly people with a more diverse of interests.
After cheering for two months and discovered that I was not
very good at it, I realized that sometimes it is necessary to focus
intensely on learning a new skill to excel. As a result of this
experience I have learned to respect my peer's that stand out in
cheering as well as in other sports and not necessarily in the
classroom. I no longer am committed in cheering but this
experience helped me to change certain values and to look deeper
into people before I judge.
The Easy Road To The Final Four
The Easy Road To the Final Four...
So, you're from Indianapolis but all the tickets to the Final Four games are sold out. You still want in. You go to the game looking for scalpers but they charge over $200 a ticket. You pay him. FOOL!!!! Don't pay him! Here's what ya do,
Go to one of the gates that has little or no people.
Look for a GUY aged 18-30 who is talking the tickets.
When he asks for the ticket slowly take a fresh $100 bill.
95% of the time they'll take it and tell you to go in.
Why does this work? This guy's making $4.00 an hour. He's been talking tickets all day. He's tired. A $100 bill will wake him up.
NO ONE LOSES IN THIS SITUATION:
You: You get to see the game and sit anywhere.
Ticket Guy: He just made a $100!
Business guys: They overcharge so much it won't matter to them.
-----
Copyright Notice:
If this is published use it exactly as it is.
So, you're from Indianapolis but all the tickets to the Final Four games are sold out. You still want in. You go to the game looking for scalpers but they charge over $200 a ticket. You pay him. FOOL!!!! Don't pay him! Here's what ya do,
Go to one of the gates that has little or no people.
Look for a GUY aged 18-30 who is talking the tickets.
When he asks for the ticket slowly take a fresh $100 bill.
95% of the time they'll take it and tell you to go in.
Why does this work? This guy's making $4.00 an hour. He's been talking tickets all day. He's tired. A $100 bill will wake him up.
NO ONE LOSES IN THIS SITUATION:
You: You get to see the game and sit anywhere.
Ticket Guy: He just made a $100!
Business guys: They overcharge so much it won't matter to them.
-----
Copyright Notice:
If this is published use it exactly as it is.
orient express
A twenty year old pitcher named Chan Ho Park is in the Korean baseball league
on the L.A. Dodgers recruiting team. Every scout was scared to recruit him because of
him being foreign, but when they did he was well worth it. While Park is working with
the Dodgers Makoto Suzuki is impressing all of the Mariners in Seattle. Both of these
pitchers are supposed to sign and start the season in the minors but Suzuki is so
impressive that they are thinking about starting him off in the majors. Park's
controversial pitching style makes umpires and baseball officials wonder if it is legal.
What he does is an old Korean pitching style that has a slight pause in his kickback of
about two to five seconds and that is supposed to distract the batter. During an exhibition
Park did his delayed pitch and the Expo bench "erupted in shouts for him to get out of the
box" and after the game the Expo coach Dallas Green said that "if he tries that during the
regular season his batters will walk out of the box."
on the L.A. Dodgers recruiting team. Every scout was scared to recruit him because of
him being foreign, but when they did he was well worth it. While Park is working with
the Dodgers Makoto Suzuki is impressing all of the Mariners in Seattle. Both of these
pitchers are supposed to sign and start the season in the minors but Suzuki is so
impressive that they are thinking about starting him off in the majors. Park's
controversial pitching style makes umpires and baseball officials wonder if it is legal.
What he does is an old Korean pitching style that has a slight pause in his kickback of
about two to five seconds and that is supposed to distract the batter. During an exhibition
Park did his delayed pitch and the Expo bench "erupted in shouts for him to get out of the
box" and after the game the Expo coach Dallas Green said that "if he tries that during the
regular season his batters will walk out of the box."
community service
First our group started by planning out what it was we would be contributing our help to.
We decided that we would help mantain the ski trails by groming them.Then we had to decided which
we would be working with.We planed out our strategy and hit the trails, we for three days finnaly
ending our journy only because there was no more trails to groom. Finnaly we where finished and our
project was done.
We decided that we would help mantain the ski trails by groming them.Then we had to decided which
we would be working with.We planed out our strategy and hit the trails, we for three days finnaly
ending our journy only because there was no more trails to groom. Finnaly we where finished and our
project was done.
Friday, January 4, 2013
The Outsiders
In literature, a character often changes from the beginning to middle and to the end of a novel. In the novel The Outsiders, Ponyboy and Johnny undergo many changes. Ponyboy is an honor roll student and a good athlete in track. Pony also thought that his older brother Darry hated him because he was too strict with him. But when Pony's best friend Johnny died of injury from the church fire, Pony began to be in denial about Johnny's death. He started to drop grades and fail classes, He became scatter minded. When he read Johnny's note to him, he got over it and wrote a book for an English essay, and he found out that Darry really did love him. Johnny was a quiet, scared and abandoned teenager, yet when he was with the gang he felt happiness and forgot all his troubles. But when he saved the five children from the burning church, for the first time in his life he felt like a real hero. When he was in the hospital for his broken back and his burns he died from serious critical condition. He was made a hero to many and always remained in the memory of the gang. As you can see, change affects characters in literature in many different ways. Ponyboy got over Johnny's death and wrote an essay for English. Johnny became bolder, not scared, and lost his life do to injury.
The Hormonal Control of Sexual Development
The objectives of this article as I saw them were, (1) to show how fetal gonads acquire the ability to function as endocrine organs, and (2), to show the mechanisms by which the endocrine secretions modulate male development. The researchers went through an extremely extensive explanation of the formation of the sexual phenotypes by detailing the development of germ cells. They explained how women's and men's gonads appear identical until Leydig cells, which synthesize testosterone, appear in the connective tissue. This is when differentiation begins.
The mechanism that this differentiation occurs is as follows. There are two duct systems which are basically sex specific. In men, Wolffian ducts are dominant and Mullerian ducts are regressive. Whereas in women it is just the opposite. Jost believed that the fetal testis secret a hormone which causes such a differentiation. In order to confirm this belief, he removed the gonads from embryos, prior to the onset of phenotypic differentiation. All resulted in female phenotypes. The male phenotype is induced and will not manifest if the proper secretions are not made from the testis.
Although the article fails to mention how, "Jost deduced that two secretions from the fetal testis are essential for male development - Mullerian-inhibiting substance and androgen." The mechanism in which spermatogenic tubules form Mullerian-inhibiting substance is still unclear to scientists. Problems with improper levels of this hormone result in genetic and phenotypic reproductive disorders.
The other hormone secreted by the testis is testosterone. It has two functions; it promotes maturation of the spermatogenic tubules (and is therefore indirectly effecting the levels of Mullerian-inhibiting substance), and it has its well known essential role in the development of the male genital tract.
Throughout this article there were several areas where it seemed to me, issues were unresolved, however seemed to me that we have the technology to resolve them. For instance "The Character of the acceptor sites within the nucleus (that is, whether protein or DNA) and their number are not resolved." Couldn't one do a radioactive trace or a non-vital stain of some sort to distinguish the protein from the DNA.
The development of one's sex is therefore far more than just a genetic decision, it is (once again) a complex cascade of hormones acting on receptors. These receptors go on to activate effector molecules which activate target molecules. If at any point this system is disrupted in any way, one either has the underdevelopment or incorrect development of the phenotypical gonadal characteristics.
The mechanism that this differentiation occurs is as follows. There are two duct systems which are basically sex specific. In men, Wolffian ducts are dominant and Mullerian ducts are regressive. Whereas in women it is just the opposite. Jost believed that the fetal testis secret a hormone which causes such a differentiation. In order to confirm this belief, he removed the gonads from embryos, prior to the onset of phenotypic differentiation. All resulted in female phenotypes. The male phenotype is induced and will not manifest if the proper secretions are not made from the testis.
Although the article fails to mention how, "Jost deduced that two secretions from the fetal testis are essential for male development - Mullerian-inhibiting substance and androgen." The mechanism in which spermatogenic tubules form Mullerian-inhibiting substance is still unclear to scientists. Problems with improper levels of this hormone result in genetic and phenotypic reproductive disorders.
The other hormone secreted by the testis is testosterone. It has two functions; it promotes maturation of the spermatogenic tubules (and is therefore indirectly effecting the levels of Mullerian-inhibiting substance), and it has its well known essential role in the development of the male genital tract.
Throughout this article there were several areas where it seemed to me, issues were unresolved, however seemed to me that we have the technology to resolve them. For instance "The Character of the acceptor sites within the nucleus (that is, whether protein or DNA) and their number are not resolved." Couldn't one do a radioactive trace or a non-vital stain of some sort to distinguish the protein from the DNA.
The development of one's sex is therefore far more than just a genetic decision, it is (once again) a complex cascade of hormones acting on receptors. These receptors go on to activate effector molecules which activate target molecules. If at any point this system is disrupted in any way, one either has the underdevelopment or incorrect development of the phenotypical gonadal characteristics.
The Hitch Hikers Guide To The Galaxy
"The Hitch Hiker's Guide To The Galaxy", by Douglas Noel Adams
Douglas Noel Adams has successfully tried to show us another aspect of our daily-life routine. By using many cynical elements, he creates extremely funny situations which represent much deeper aspects.
The destruction of Earth in order to create Inner-Galactic Highways as the definition of Earth in the universe encyclopedia both represent the smallness of human-beings, contrary to their original conception.
Furthermore, the alien breeds are not perfect at all, many aspects of their actions represent a similar action which is often taken by humans: The destruction of earth without an announcement, is an equivalent of the house-destruction of Ford Perfect, one of the story's heroes, with out announcing him, both are explained by the governments as actions for the welfare of the population at the cost of suffer for a single person or for a relatively small group of persons.
Adams uses every opportunity to attack the ignorance of humankind, especially the bureaucracy of the government, wherever they are, even if they are of alien breeds.
In conclusion, "The Hitch Hiker's Guide To The Galaxy", besides being funny, gives us a very special snapshot at the inner-world of Adams, and makes us think of what we have taken obvious, in a different way.
Douglas Noel Adams has successfully tried to show us another aspect of our daily-life routine. By using many cynical elements, he creates extremely funny situations which represent much deeper aspects.
The destruction of Earth in order to create Inner-Galactic Highways as the definition of Earth in the universe encyclopedia both represent the smallness of human-beings, contrary to their original conception.
Furthermore, the alien breeds are not perfect at all, many aspects of their actions represent a similar action which is often taken by humans: The destruction of earth without an announcement, is an equivalent of the house-destruction of Ford Perfect, one of the story's heroes, with out announcing him, both are explained by the governments as actions for the welfare of the population at the cost of suffer for a single person or for a relatively small group of persons.
Adams uses every opportunity to attack the ignorance of humankind, especially the bureaucracy of the government, wherever they are, even if they are of alien breeds.
In conclusion, "The Hitch Hiker's Guide To The Galaxy", besides being funny, gives us a very special snapshot at the inner-world of Adams, and makes us think of what we have taken obvious, in a different way.
The Catcher In the Rye discuss why holden is a phony as the
The Catcher in the Rye
Holden is just as phony and hollow as the people whom he criticizes.
Holden's main problem is that he practically does not even view himself as part of the human race. He either believes himself to be either inferior or superior to the "rest of us."
Thoughout the novel certain instances occur that lead us to believe that Holden has a serious problem in seeing himself as normal. He spends an awful lot of time reflecting upon apperances. Worrying too much about how the people around him seem to be, and yet at times not even thinking of how he is coming off.
He fabricates such personalities as Jim Steele who is 22 and has a little encounter with a hooker in the begining of chapter 13. This Jim guy was sopposed to be this highly sexually experienced nonchalant casa-nova. When he really quotes himself to be as follows: "Caufield and his magic violin, boy. It's corny I realize, but it isn't too corny. I wouldn't mind being pretty good at that stuff. Half the time, if you really want to know the truth, when I'm horsing around with a girl, I have a helluva lot of trouble just finding what I'm looking for, for God's sake, if you know what I mean."
Holden is just as phony and hollow as the people whom he criticizes.
Holden's main problem is that he practically does not even view himself as part of the human race. He either believes himself to be either inferior or superior to the "rest of us."
Thoughout the novel certain instances occur that lead us to believe that Holden has a serious problem in seeing himself as normal. He spends an awful lot of time reflecting upon apperances. Worrying too much about how the people around him seem to be, and yet at times not even thinking of how he is coming off.
He fabricates such personalities as Jim Steele who is 22 and has a little encounter with a hooker in the begining of chapter 13. This Jim guy was sopposed to be this highly sexually experienced nonchalant casa-nova. When he really quotes himself to be as follows: "Caufield and his magic violin, boy. It's corny I realize, but it isn't too corny. I wouldn't mind being pretty good at that stuff. Half the time, if you really want to know the truth, when I'm horsing around with a girl, I have a helluva lot of trouble just finding what I'm looking for, for God's sake, if you know what I mean."
Superdad Syndrome
A long time ago, way back in the 1950's, there was a cold, icy creature known as the "fifties father." He rarely displayed affection, and he hid most of his feelings behind the newspaper. Most of the child-rearing duties were left to mom. We can kiss those days good-bye! In Western cultures there is an increasing number of men who are extremely active in all stages of raising their children. The old "fifties father" is now becoming the "nineties nanny."
These modern "superdads", as we call them, have to manage the tough job of raising children and supporting them financially. Men have to fo this without the help of a previous role model in a past generation to model themselves after. Not having a role model makes being a superdad tougher than being a single mom. It leads to the creation of a "superdad syndrome."
Superdad syndrome stems from the fact that boys growing up have very little practice at homemaking. Boys who play with dolls are considered weirdos while girls who play with dolls and participate in sports are trained for anything. Men can do a great job raising their children and providing basic needs, support, and love, but a man can never be a mother. A good example of this is Joel Chaken from New York City. He quit his job as an engineer to stay at home with his baby. His wife was an attorney. After a while he felt isolated at home all the time, and ne wanted to join a support group for new mothers who felt the same way. He was kicked out because he was not a mom, he was a superdad. Men need support groups of their own, for fathers.
Even though there is an increasing number of dads taking care of their children, the court system rarely gives full custody to fathers. When superdads get custody of their children, they find it very rewarding to get closer to their kids. They also feel a sense of nobility. Many people look at single fathers with greater respect than single mothers. Fathers are seen as "superheroes." One such superhero dad is Rudy Szabo of Cleveland, Ohio. When his wife left, he quit his job as supervisor ar BEK Industries to stay at home with his two sets of young twins. He changed 72 diapers and mixed 30 bottles of formula every day, all while getting by on $500 per month. Rudy truly classifies as a superdad according to psychologist Stuart Fischoff. He says, "Superdads are men who sacrifice and structure their lives around parenting." More and more, now numbering nearly 250,000, superdads are making these changes and sacrifices. They are learning every day and doing it all on their own.
These modern "superdads", as we call them, have to manage the tough job of raising children and supporting them financially. Men have to fo this without the help of a previous role model in a past generation to model themselves after. Not having a role model makes being a superdad tougher than being a single mom. It leads to the creation of a "superdad syndrome."
Superdad syndrome stems from the fact that boys growing up have very little practice at homemaking. Boys who play with dolls are considered weirdos while girls who play with dolls and participate in sports are trained for anything. Men can do a great job raising their children and providing basic needs, support, and love, but a man can never be a mother. A good example of this is Joel Chaken from New York City. He quit his job as an engineer to stay at home with his baby. His wife was an attorney. After a while he felt isolated at home all the time, and ne wanted to join a support group for new mothers who felt the same way. He was kicked out because he was not a mom, he was a superdad. Men need support groups of their own, for fathers.
Even though there is an increasing number of dads taking care of their children, the court system rarely gives full custody to fathers. When superdads get custody of their children, they find it very rewarding to get closer to their kids. They also feel a sense of nobility. Many people look at single fathers with greater respect than single mothers. Fathers are seen as "superheroes." One such superhero dad is Rudy Szabo of Cleveland, Ohio. When his wife left, he quit his job as supervisor ar BEK Industries to stay at home with his two sets of young twins. He changed 72 diapers and mixed 30 bottles of formula every day, all while getting by on $500 per month. Rudy truly classifies as a superdad according to psychologist Stuart Fischoff. He says, "Superdads are men who sacrifice and structure their lives around parenting." More and more, now numbering nearly 250,000, superdads are making these changes and sacrifices. They are learning every day and doing it all on their own.
small pox
Small pox, which was once the most feared disease known by mankind started out in
the days of Christopher Columbus. The disease set out to change the lives of the people
in the worse way. It became known as an epidemic disease that ended up killing
hundreds of people. Small pox started out in Hispaniola and because of no cure, it
traveled to the island of Puerto Rico, and then Cuba. It was only a matter of time until it
spread to the mainland, somewhere in America. In the Middle Ages, small pox was a
highly contagious disease which often lead to death if not treated. In this term paper you
will read and learn about the causes, symptoms and treatments of this horrible disease.
Small pox which was often refereed to as a life threatening disease, is caused by a
virus, which was not discovered until the nineteenth century. Most of the victims whom
acquired small pox, was a result of face to face contact. It is passed through the nose
where tiny particles are released when the infected person sneezes, also by the mouth
where particles are once again ejected when the victim coughs. The disease can be
transmitted by dried small pox scabs and through materials the infected person has come
in contact with. The virus is reproduced in the lymphoid tissue and released into the
body. Virus reproduction begins when the virion comes into contact with a suitable host
cell. The virus must interact with a receptor on the cell surface. The infectious cycle
usually consists of two stages. The first stage makes the proteins necessary for the
protein to form. The second stage forms the adult virion to start the attack on the body.
Smallpox attack with no warning.
There are several painful symptoms that are brought upon by this disease. In most of
the cases, symptoms in a new victim will occur ten to twelve days later. Patients will
develop chills, high fever, and nausousness. The fevers may reach up to 105 degrees
farenht. In three or four days later a rash erupts and the fever and discomfort may
subside. It begins on the face, then spreading to the chest, arms, back and finally the
legs. It consists of hard red lumps which become pimple like, swelling and containing
puss. "The pustules gave the disease its name, by which it was first known in the west as
Variola" (Giblin 59). This rash itches severely but scratching must be avoided in order to
prevent another infection from forming. "Up to forty percent of the patients died, in the
rest, scabs eventually formed and then fell off, leaving perma
the days of Christopher Columbus. The disease set out to change the lives of the people
in the worse way. It became known as an epidemic disease that ended up killing
hundreds of people. Small pox started out in Hispaniola and because of no cure, it
traveled to the island of Puerto Rico, and then Cuba. It was only a matter of time until it
spread to the mainland, somewhere in America. In the Middle Ages, small pox was a
highly contagious disease which often lead to death if not treated. In this term paper you
will read and learn about the causes, symptoms and treatments of this horrible disease.
Small pox which was often refereed to as a life threatening disease, is caused by a
virus, which was not discovered until the nineteenth century. Most of the victims whom
acquired small pox, was a result of face to face contact. It is passed through the nose
where tiny particles are released when the infected person sneezes, also by the mouth
where particles are once again ejected when the victim coughs. The disease can be
transmitted by dried small pox scabs and through materials the infected person has come
in contact with. The virus is reproduced in the lymphoid tissue and released into the
body. Virus reproduction begins when the virion comes into contact with a suitable host
cell. The virus must interact with a receptor on the cell surface. The infectious cycle
usually consists of two stages. The first stage makes the proteins necessary for the
protein to form. The second stage forms the adult virion to start the attack on the body.
Smallpox attack with no warning.
There are several painful symptoms that are brought upon by this disease. In most of
the cases, symptoms in a new victim will occur ten to twelve days later. Patients will
develop chills, high fever, and nausousness. The fevers may reach up to 105 degrees
farenht. In three or four days later a rash erupts and the fever and discomfort may
subside. It begins on the face, then spreading to the chest, arms, back and finally the
legs. It consists of hard red lumps which become pimple like, swelling and containing
puss. "The pustules gave the disease its name, by which it was first known in the west as
Variola" (Giblin 59). This rash itches severely but scratching must be avoided in order to
prevent another infection from forming. "Up to forty percent of the patients died, in the
rest, scabs eventually formed and then fell off, leaving perma
Queen Mab Speech
Wenesday November 6, 1996
"Queen Mab Speech" - Revised Draft
I see that Queen Mab has been with you. She is the faries midwife, and her body is no
bigger than agate stone that is on index finger of a alderman. She is drawn from a team of small
atomies over mens noses as they sleep. Her spokes are made of long spider
legs, the cover is made from the wing of a grasshopper and her traces is the smallest of spider
webs. Her collar is made of watery moonbeams, her whip is a cricket bone and her lash is made
of a light film. Her driver is a small grey coated gnat, not half as big as a little round worm. That
has been picked off the fingers of a virgin. Her Chariot is a empty hazel nut, made by the joiner
squirell, they have been the coach makers for the faries.
She goes through lovers brains, making them dream of love. Galloping over courtier knees, that they may dream proper curtsies and over lawyers fingers, who dream of money. She gallops over ladies lips, who dream of kissing their lovers. This angers Queen Mab, plaguing thier lips because they are tainted with sweetmeats. Sometimes she comes over a courtiers nose. Who dream of the desire to gain office with the king, and sometimes she may come with a pigs tail, tickling parson's noses as he/she sleep. Then he dreams of another lucrative church appointment. Sometimes she gallops over a soliders neck, he then dreams of cutting foreigh thoats, give farthoms deep. Then she drums in his ear, at when he wakes up frightened and says a prayer or two. Then falls back asleep. This is the same Queen Mab that knots the horses mane at night. That mats and cakes the tangles in your hair, said to be put their by elves, once untangled, misfortune will occur. This is the burden of all virgins, when ladies lie on their backs she makes them learn how to bear children. This she is ....
"Queen Mab Speech" - Revised Draft
I see that Queen Mab has been with you. She is the faries midwife, and her body is no
bigger than agate stone that is on index finger of a alderman. She is drawn from a team of small
atomies over mens noses as they sleep. Her spokes are made of long spider
legs, the cover is made from the wing of a grasshopper and her traces is the smallest of spider
webs. Her collar is made of watery moonbeams, her whip is a cricket bone and her lash is made
of a light film. Her driver is a small grey coated gnat, not half as big as a little round worm. That
has been picked off the fingers of a virgin. Her Chariot is a empty hazel nut, made by the joiner
squirell, they have been the coach makers for the faries.
She goes through lovers brains, making them dream of love. Galloping over courtier knees, that they may dream proper curtsies and over lawyers fingers, who dream of money. She gallops over ladies lips, who dream of kissing their lovers. This angers Queen Mab, plaguing thier lips because they are tainted with sweetmeats. Sometimes she comes over a courtiers nose. Who dream of the desire to gain office with the king, and sometimes she may come with a pigs tail, tickling parson's noses as he/she sleep. Then he dreams of another lucrative church appointment. Sometimes she gallops over a soliders neck, he then dreams of cutting foreigh thoats, give farthoms deep. Then she drums in his ear, at when he wakes up frightened and says a prayer or two. Then falls back asleep. This is the same Queen Mab that knots the horses mane at night. That mats and cakes the tangles in your hair, said to be put their by elves, once untangled, misfortune will occur. This is the burden of all virgins, when ladies lie on their backs she makes them learn how to bear children. This she is ....
Managing Classroom Behavior
MANAGING CLASSROOM BEHAVIOR
REPORT #1
Managing classroom behavior can be a difficult task, especially if you have a child who is always causing disturbances. Once you have identified that there is a problem, you should ask yourself six simple questions. The first question asked is whether the problem is a result of inappropriate curriculum or teaching strategies. As teachers we have a tendency to overlook the fact that what and how we teach can contribute directly to our students behavioral problems. Secondly, ask yourself "What do I demand and prohibit - and what should I?" Teachers find it easier to specify what they will not tolerate than to specify the behavior they demand. The third question to ask is "Why do certain behaviors bother me, and what should I do about them?" As a teacher you have to decide if this is a difference in culture or upbringing and why it bothers you, is it inappropriate, is the behavior disturbing the other children? There are many things to consider when a child is acting up. As the teacher, it is your responsibility to solve these disturbances, if they are personal, you may try ignoring them, talking with them, or even living with the problem. The fourth question you need to ask your self is if this behavior is developmentally significant. Although there are other types of developmentally significant behaviors, most will fall into four primary categories: academic failure, aggression, depression, and problems with peers. The fifth question to ask is, "Should I concentrate on a behavior excess or deficiency?" A behavioral excess is something you usually want the child to stop doing. A behavior deficiency is a behavior a student should do but doesn't. The last question to ask yourself is if a resolution is met, will it solve anything else? The more difficult the management problem, the more important it is to address first things first. Keep in mind to look for key behavior, that if changed will make the greatest difference overall.
REPORT #1
Managing classroom behavior can be a difficult task, especially if you have a child who is always causing disturbances. Once you have identified that there is a problem, you should ask yourself six simple questions. The first question asked is whether the problem is a result of inappropriate curriculum or teaching strategies. As teachers we have a tendency to overlook the fact that what and how we teach can contribute directly to our students behavioral problems. Secondly, ask yourself "What do I demand and prohibit - and what should I?" Teachers find it easier to specify what they will not tolerate than to specify the behavior they demand. The third question to ask is "Why do certain behaviors bother me, and what should I do about them?" As a teacher you have to decide if this is a difference in culture or upbringing and why it bothers you, is it inappropriate, is the behavior disturbing the other children? There are many things to consider when a child is acting up. As the teacher, it is your responsibility to solve these disturbances, if they are personal, you may try ignoring them, talking with them, or even living with the problem. The fourth question you need to ask your self is if this behavior is developmentally significant. Although there are other types of developmentally significant behaviors, most will fall into four primary categories: academic failure, aggression, depression, and problems with peers. The fifth question to ask is, "Should I concentrate on a behavior excess or deficiency?" A behavioral excess is something you usually want the child to stop doing. A behavior deficiency is a behavior a student should do but doesn't. The last question to ask yourself is if a resolution is met, will it solve anything else? The more difficult the management problem, the more important it is to address first things first. Keep in mind to look for key behavior, that if changed will make the greatest difference overall.
jurassic Park 2
The story Jurassic Park, by Michael Crichton takes place on a small island
near Costa Rica, it's about a park full of dinosaurs created by Dr. Hammond. The
dinosaurs are locked in large cages with electric fences. But as the mathematician
Ian Malcolm predicted, nature cannot be controlled. They find this out when the
security system goes out. They soon lost the electric fence and the dinosaurs started
to escape. They try to restore the power and are successful but it did not matter
since the dinosaurs were already loose.
The dinosaurs start to cause a lot of trouble, even with the power restored.
They determine that there is nothing they can do. They decide to leave the island by
helicopter.
The book is much different then the movie. The book goes in more detail
about the genetic engineering of the dinosaurs. The book also makes Ian Malcolm's
theory that nature can't be controlled nor predicted more valid. In the end of the
book version the island actually survives for a while after the power goes out.
I liked the movie more because I saw that first and it made the book seem
strange. I would recommend reading Jurassic Park. It starts right in the beginning
with suspense and action.
near Costa Rica, it's about a park full of dinosaurs created by Dr. Hammond. The
dinosaurs are locked in large cages with electric fences. But as the mathematician
Ian Malcolm predicted, nature cannot be controlled. They find this out when the
security system goes out. They soon lost the electric fence and the dinosaurs started
to escape. They try to restore the power and are successful but it did not matter
since the dinosaurs were already loose.
The dinosaurs start to cause a lot of trouble, even with the power restored.
They determine that there is nothing they can do. They decide to leave the island by
helicopter.
The book is much different then the movie. The book goes in more detail
about the genetic engineering of the dinosaurs. The book also makes Ian Malcolm's
theory that nature can't be controlled nor predicted more valid. In the end of the
book version the island actually survives for a while after the power goes out.
I liked the movie more because I saw that first and it made the book seem
strange. I would recommend reading Jurassic Park. It starts right in the beginning
with suspense and action.
James Conant
James Bryant Conant believed that too many schools, both small and large, were not
sufficiently challenging the academically talented. He states that "too many boys were
neglecting courses in the humanities in favor of science and mathematics, and too many
able girls were avoiding science, math, and foreign languages." His philosophy can be
reflected in today's society and it has both negative and positive aspects.
Many high schools today separate the so called "academically gifted" from the
"academically challenged". They have developed special classes for both groups of
students. At our high school, Crystal Lake Central High School, there were classes called
E.C. classes, or extra curricular classes, for the honors students. On the other hand, there
were remedial classes for the students who were a slower at learning than the other
students. The biggest group of students entails the "average student" who basically takes
average classes. This idea of designating certain classes for students depending on their
academic abilities is good because it allows students to learn at an appropriate level. A
student who can read at a speed of 125 words per minute should not be in the same
English class as a person who only reads 50 words per minute. On the opposite end, there
is a downfall to this idea of separation of classes. Students are put into certain groups and
therefore they become stereotyped into certain categories. A person at a high intelligent
level may be called a "brain" while a person at a low intelligent level may be called
"stupid". The students therefore form an identity with the group they belong to and use
this identity to predict their future success. For example, a person of low intelligent
probably does not feel much hope for obtaining a white collar job and he probably feels he
has to resort to a blue collar job based on his academic status.
sufficiently challenging the academically talented. He states that "too many boys were
neglecting courses in the humanities in favor of science and mathematics, and too many
able girls were avoiding science, math, and foreign languages." His philosophy can be
reflected in today's society and it has both negative and positive aspects.
Many high schools today separate the so called "academically gifted" from the
"academically challenged". They have developed special classes for both groups of
students. At our high school, Crystal Lake Central High School, there were classes called
E.C. classes, or extra curricular classes, for the honors students. On the other hand, there
were remedial classes for the students who were a slower at learning than the other
students. The biggest group of students entails the "average student" who basically takes
average classes. This idea of designating certain classes for students depending on their
academic abilities is good because it allows students to learn at an appropriate level. A
student who can read at a speed of 125 words per minute should not be in the same
English class as a person who only reads 50 words per minute. On the opposite end, there
is a downfall to this idea of separation of classes. Students are put into certain groups and
therefore they become stereotyped into certain categories. A person at a high intelligent
level may be called a "brain" while a person at a low intelligent level may be called
"stupid". The students therefore form an identity with the group they belong to and use
this identity to predict their future success. For example, a person of low intelligent
probably does not feel much hope for obtaining a white collar job and he probably feels he
has to resort to a blue collar job based on his academic status.
Handicap essay
For a week in February when I was twelve, my mom and dad started to work hard to
set up a Credit Union party. They asked me to help them so, everyday after I got out
of school I would help them.
Finally Friday came, a day before the big bash and I still had to help set up decorations.
We were almost done but, my mom said, " Mike can you sent the tables and put up a few
lights?" After a two hours the two hundred places I had to set up were finally done. My mom
took me home. When I got home I started making plans for the night of the party. So, I called a
few of my friends and ask what they were going to do. All of them had made plans. I wasn't too
happy but didn't care too much because my mom told me that my cousin Bethany was coming
up for the party. I was overjoyed to hear that because I didn't see her too much. After my mom
told me the good news, I tried to find something to do. I tried watching television but that didn't
work. Then I tried to play some videos games. I grew tried of that rather quickly. So, I deiced to
get some much needed rest.
The next morning I got up at eight o'clock because my dog Barney had to go outside. I
knew he had to go outside because he started to cry. So, I let him out. Then I went to see if my
mom or dad had made me breakfast. I looked and found nothing had been cooked for me.
Which was really odd because every Saturday and Sunday morning they had made me breakfast
since I could remember. My sister Amy was watching television. So, I asked her where mom
and dad were. She said, " Dad had hurt his back and had to go to the hospital." I was very
worried. I asked her how he did it. She said, " He was carrying some decorations for the
party and he slipped on a patch of ice."
Finally my mom and dad came home. My mom had to help him in the house because he
could hardly walk. I asked him if he was still going to the party and he said, "No." So, I helped
my mom put up the last of the decorations.
After the party my dad was in lots of pain. He could hardly move without having great
shooting pains in his back. My family and I had to help him with pretty much everything. Which
was very hard on my dad because he is very independent. He couldn't get out of bed without
help or tie his shoes. He found out that no matter how independent you are there will come a
time when you need help from someone. He was very glad we were there to help.
After a couple of weeks of caring for my father his back became well, He could pretty
much do stuff on his own. My dad was very grateful to my family and I for helping him over
come his handicap.
set up a Credit Union party. They asked me to help them so, everyday after I got out
of school I would help them.
Finally Friday came, a day before the big bash and I still had to help set up decorations.
We were almost done but, my mom said, " Mike can you sent the tables and put up a few
lights?" After a two hours the two hundred places I had to set up were finally done. My mom
took me home. When I got home I started making plans for the night of the party. So, I called a
few of my friends and ask what they were going to do. All of them had made plans. I wasn't too
happy but didn't care too much because my mom told me that my cousin Bethany was coming
up for the party. I was overjoyed to hear that because I didn't see her too much. After my mom
told me the good news, I tried to find something to do. I tried watching television but that didn't
work. Then I tried to play some videos games. I grew tried of that rather quickly. So, I deiced to
get some much needed rest.
The next morning I got up at eight o'clock because my dog Barney had to go outside. I
knew he had to go outside because he started to cry. So, I let him out. Then I went to see if my
mom or dad had made me breakfast. I looked and found nothing had been cooked for me.
Which was really odd because every Saturday and Sunday morning they had made me breakfast
since I could remember. My sister Amy was watching television. So, I asked her where mom
and dad were. She said, " Dad had hurt his back and had to go to the hospital." I was very
worried. I asked her how he did it. She said, " He was carrying some decorations for the
party and he slipped on a patch of ice."
Finally my mom and dad came home. My mom had to help him in the house because he
could hardly walk. I asked him if he was still going to the party and he said, "No." So, I helped
my mom put up the last of the decorations.
After the party my dad was in lots of pain. He could hardly move without having great
shooting pains in his back. My family and I had to help him with pretty much everything. Which
was very hard on my dad because he is very independent. He couldn't get out of bed without
help or tie his shoes. He found out that no matter how independent you are there will come a
time when you need help from someone. He was very glad we were there to help.
After a couple of weeks of caring for my father his back became well, He could pretty
much do stuff on his own. My dad was very grateful to my family and I for helping him over
come his handicap.
Down Syndrome Report
Down Syndrome Report
by: SCHOOL SUX
The chromosomal abnormality involved in most cases of Down syndrome is trisomy-21, or the presence of three copies of the 21st chromosome. As a result, the affected person has 47 chromosomes in all body cells instead of the normal 46, although how this causes the condition's symptoms is not yet known. Scientists assume that the reason for the abnormal chromosomal assortment is the fertilization of an ovum having 24 chromosomes by a sperm with a normal assortment of 23, but they have also found that the sperm can carry the extra chromosome as well. The abnormal ovum or sperm is derived from a germ cell in which the pair of 21st chromosomes holds together and passes into the same sperm or ovum instead of separating. In the type of Down syndrome called translocation, the extra chromosome 21 material is attached to one of the other chromosomes; when some, but not all, of the body's cells carry an extra chromosome 21, the condition is a type of Down syndrome called mosaicism.
Because of the extra chromosome 21, children with Down syndrome often have some characteristic physical features, such as a small head, a flat face, slightly upward slanted eyelids, skin folds at the inner corners of the eyes, small nose and mouth, and small hands and feet. Most of these characteristic do not interfere with the child's functioning, a doctor primarily uses the characteristics for diagnostic purposes. These physical features are variable, and children with Down syndrome are usually more like other children than they are different.
Individuals with Down syndrome also often have certain medical conditions such as weak muscles, neurological impairments, heart disease, intestinal abnormalities, poorly functioning thyroid gland, eye abnormalities, hearing problems, and skeletal problems. Almost all children with Down syndrome are mentally retarded, in the mild to moderate range. The degree of mental retardation varies considerably. Through medical treatment the disorders and infections accompanying Down syndrome have no effect on an almost normal life span.
The overall incidence of Down syndrome is approximately one in 700 births, but the risk varies with the age of the mother. The incidence of Down syndrome in children born to 25-year-old mothers is approximately 1 in 1200; the risk increases to approximately 1 in 350 for 35-year-olds and approximately 1 in 120 for women older than 40 years. Prenatal tests can be used to detect chromosome abnormality causing Down syndrome.
SOURCES
1) "Down Syndrome," Microsoft(R) Encarta(R) 96 Encyclopedia. (c) 1993-1995 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. (c) Funk & Wagnalls Corporation. All rights reserved.
2) "Down Syndrome," Encyclopedia of Sleep and Dreaming.
by: SCHOOL SUX
The chromosomal abnormality involved in most cases of Down syndrome is trisomy-21, or the presence of three copies of the 21st chromosome. As a result, the affected person has 47 chromosomes in all body cells instead of the normal 46, although how this causes the condition's symptoms is not yet known. Scientists assume that the reason for the abnormal chromosomal assortment is the fertilization of an ovum having 24 chromosomes by a sperm with a normal assortment of 23, but they have also found that the sperm can carry the extra chromosome as well. The abnormal ovum or sperm is derived from a germ cell in which the pair of 21st chromosomes holds together and passes into the same sperm or ovum instead of separating. In the type of Down syndrome called translocation, the extra chromosome 21 material is attached to one of the other chromosomes; when some, but not all, of the body's cells carry an extra chromosome 21, the condition is a type of Down syndrome called mosaicism.
Because of the extra chromosome 21, children with Down syndrome often have some characteristic physical features, such as a small head, a flat face, slightly upward slanted eyelids, skin folds at the inner corners of the eyes, small nose and mouth, and small hands and feet. Most of these characteristic do not interfere with the child's functioning, a doctor primarily uses the characteristics for diagnostic purposes. These physical features are variable, and children with Down syndrome are usually more like other children than they are different.
Individuals with Down syndrome also often have certain medical conditions such as weak muscles, neurological impairments, heart disease, intestinal abnormalities, poorly functioning thyroid gland, eye abnormalities, hearing problems, and skeletal problems. Almost all children with Down syndrome are mentally retarded, in the mild to moderate range. The degree of mental retardation varies considerably. Through medical treatment the disorders and infections accompanying Down syndrome have no effect on an almost normal life span.
The overall incidence of Down syndrome is approximately one in 700 births, but the risk varies with the age of the mother. The incidence of Down syndrome in children born to 25-year-old mothers is approximately 1 in 1200; the risk increases to approximately 1 in 350 for 35-year-olds and approximately 1 in 120 for women older than 40 years. Prenatal tests can be used to detect chromosome abnormality causing Down syndrome.
SOURCES
1) "Down Syndrome," Microsoft(R) Encarta(R) 96 Encyclopedia. (c) 1993-1995 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. (c) Funk & Wagnalls Corporation. All rights reserved.
2) "Down Syndrome," Encyclopedia of Sleep and Dreaming.
Thursday, January 3, 2013
Hemophelia
Tim Poisal
Hemophilia
Biology-2nd period
Hemophilia
Hemophilia is a genetic blood disease, which is characterized by the inability of blood to clot, or coagulate even from minor injuries. This disease is caused by an insufficiency of certain blood proteins, called factors, that participate in blood clotting and often by sudden gene mutation. Therefore, with the absence of factors, the blood clotting process is prolonged. There are different types of hemophilia, hemophilia A and hemophilia B for example. Hemophilia A , the most common form is caused by the lack of factor VIII. In the second most common form of hemophilia, hemophilia B (also known as Christmas disease), factor IX is absent.
The condition appears when the person is born. Also, the disease is hereditary, passed on from parent to child. Because of it's genetic makeup, hemophilia is carried by females however those affected are almost always males. In one-third of all cases hemophilia thought to be caused by spontaneous gene mutation with no family history. This is how females are able to be affected by hemophilia. Inheritance is controlled by a recessive sex-linked factor carried by the mother on the X chromosome. There is a fifty percent chance that the sons of a female carrier will have hemophilia. There also is a fifty percent chance that the daughters of a female carrier will be carriers of hemophilia. In addition, all daughters of men with hemophilia are carriers, but his sons are unaffected. Men cannot transmit hemophilia, and female carriers are free of the disease.
Hemophilia is the most common hereditary blood disorder. Currently, approximately one in every 10,000 people in all parts of the world suffers from hemophilia. This blood related disease affects about 20,000 people in the United States. It affects males almost exclusively and knows no geographical or ethnic boundaries. Before medical advancement, those affected by hemophilia were not likely to live to see their adulthood. With proper treatment they can expect to lead full, normal lives. However, in some countries where treatment is not available or less than optimal, people have continued to die at young ages.
Hemophilia
Biology-2nd period
Hemophilia
Hemophilia is a genetic blood disease, which is characterized by the inability of blood to clot, or coagulate even from minor injuries. This disease is caused by an insufficiency of certain blood proteins, called factors, that participate in blood clotting and often by sudden gene mutation. Therefore, with the absence of factors, the blood clotting process is prolonged. There are different types of hemophilia, hemophilia A and hemophilia B for example. Hemophilia A , the most common form is caused by the lack of factor VIII. In the second most common form of hemophilia, hemophilia B (also known as Christmas disease), factor IX is absent.
The condition appears when the person is born. Also, the disease is hereditary, passed on from parent to child. Because of it's genetic makeup, hemophilia is carried by females however those affected are almost always males. In one-third of all cases hemophilia thought to be caused by spontaneous gene mutation with no family history. This is how females are able to be affected by hemophilia. Inheritance is controlled by a recessive sex-linked factor carried by the mother on the X chromosome. There is a fifty percent chance that the sons of a female carrier will have hemophilia. There also is a fifty percent chance that the daughters of a female carrier will be carriers of hemophilia. In addition, all daughters of men with hemophilia are carriers, but his sons are unaffected. Men cannot transmit hemophilia, and female carriers are free of the disease.
Hemophilia is the most common hereditary blood disorder. Currently, approximately one in every 10,000 people in all parts of the world suffers from hemophilia. This blood related disease affects about 20,000 people in the United States. It affects males almost exclusively and knows no geographical or ethnic boundaries. Before medical advancement, those affected by hemophilia were not likely to live to see their adulthood. With proper treatment they can expect to lead full, normal lives. However, in some countries where treatment is not available or less than optimal, people have continued to die at young ages.
DIABETES
DIABETES
This disease is caused by defective carbohydrate metabolism. It causes large
amounts of sugar in the blood and urine. It can damage the kidneys, heart, eyes, limbs,
and endanger pregnancy. About five percent of the United States population has it and
about half are undiagnosed. A diabetic that is treated life span is lowered by one-third
There are two types of diabetes. Type I, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
(IDDM). And type II, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).
Type I
This type usually occurs in children and young adults, it is known as one of the
autoimmune diseases. It is 10-15 percent of all cases. The pancreas lets out insulin that
lets sugar glucose into all tissues in the body and in this type of diabetes most or all of
this insulin is not made. So all the extra glucose is let out through urine. If untreated this
type could be fatal quickly. The body cannot get enough energy from tissue glucose so it
starts to break down stored fat. With this people loose a lot of weight and they have
fatigue. Your blood becomes acidic and respiration becomes abnormal. People usually
die from diabetic coma until they figured out how to use insulin therapy. In both forms it
could cause a kidney disease from high blood sugar levels; bad sight from blood vessels
in eyes rupturing, less blood going to the limbs could make them have to cut them off.
They have high blood pressure which increases heart attacks and strokes in diabetes too.
Type II
This type is found in mostly in people over 40 it progresses slowly unlike type I.
The insulin in the pancreas is produced in good levels but does not work right. It does
not let the glucose in to the tissues just like in type I. The people in type II are usually
over weight.
Treatment
The treatment for both types is insulin injections and changes in their diet. They
must spread out every thing that they eat in a day so they sugar comes in slow. For type II
they have to loose weigh and exercise more. Some people test their own blood sugar
levels throughout the day and have insulin pumps.
DIABETES
Robert Quinn
Brick Memorial High School
January 23, 1997
This disease is caused by defective carbohydrate metabolism. It causes large
amounts of sugar in the blood and urine. It can damage the kidneys, heart, eyes, limbs,
and endanger pregnancy. About five percent of the United States population has it and
about half are undiagnosed. A diabetic that is treated life span is lowered by one-third
There are two types of diabetes. Type I, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
(IDDM). And type II, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).
Type I
This type usually occurs in children and young adults, it is known as one of the
autoimmune diseases. It is 10-15 percent of all cases. The pancreas lets out insulin that
lets sugar glucose into all tissues in the body and in this type of diabetes most or all of
this insulin is not made. So all the extra glucose is let out through urine. If untreated this
type could be fatal quickly. The body cannot get enough energy from tissue glucose so it
starts to break down stored fat. With this people loose a lot of weight and they have
fatigue. Your blood becomes acidic and respiration becomes abnormal. People usually
die from diabetic coma until they figured out how to use insulin therapy. In both forms it
could cause a kidney disease from high blood sugar levels; bad sight from blood vessels
in eyes rupturing, less blood going to the limbs could make them have to cut them off.
They have high blood pressure which increases heart attacks and strokes in diabetes too.
Type II
This type is found in mostly in people over 40 it progresses slowly unlike type I.
The insulin in the pancreas is produced in good levels but does not work right. It does
not let the glucose in to the tissues just like in type I. The people in type II are usually
over weight.
Treatment
The treatment for both types is insulin injections and changes in their diet. They
must spread out every thing that they eat in a day so they sugar comes in slow. For type II
they have to loose weigh and exercise more. Some people test their own blood sugar
levels throughout the day and have insulin pumps.
DIABETES
Robert Quinn
Brick Memorial High School
January 23, 1997
Autism
Autism
Autism is one of the mental, emotional, and behavior disorders that appears in early
childhood. Autism, or autistic disorder, almost always develops within the first 3 years of a
child's life. Children and adolescents with autism cannot interact normally with other people.
Autism thus affects many aspects of their development.
Children with and adolescents with autism typically:
-have a difficult time communicating with others
-exhibit very repetitious behaviors (like rocking back and forth, head banging, or touching or
twirling objects);
-have a limited range of interests and activities; and
-may became upset at a small change in their environment or daily routine.
Although symptoms of autistic disorder sometimes can be seen in early infancy, the
condition can appear after months of normal development. In most cases, it is not possible to
identify any specific event that triggers autistic disorder. About 7 in every 10 children and
adolescents with autistic disorder also have mental retardation or other problems with their brain
function or structure.
Recent studies estimate that as many as 14 children out of 10,000 may have autism or a
related condition. About 125,000 Americans are affected by these disorders, and nearly 4,000
families across the country have two or more children with autism. Three times as many boys as
girls have autism.
Researchers are still unsure about what causes autism. Several studies suggest that
autistic disorder might be caused by a combination of biological factors, including exposure to a
virus before birth, a problem with the immune system, or genetics.
Scientists also have identified chemicals in the brain and the immune system that may be
involved in autistic disorder. As a normal brain develops, the level of serotonin, a chemical found
in the brain, declines. In some children with autistic disorder, however, the serotonin levels do
not decline. Now researchers are trying to determine whether this happens only to children with
autism and why, and whether other factors are involved.
Autism is one of the mental, emotional, and behavior disorders that appears in early
childhood. Autism, or autistic disorder, almost always develops within the first 3 years of a
child's life. Children and adolescents with autism cannot interact normally with other people.
Autism thus affects many aspects of their development.
Children with and adolescents with autism typically:
-have a difficult time communicating with others
-exhibit very repetitious behaviors (like rocking back and forth, head banging, or touching or
twirling objects);
-have a limited range of interests and activities; and
-may became upset at a small change in their environment or daily routine.
Although symptoms of autistic disorder sometimes can be seen in early infancy, the
condition can appear after months of normal development. In most cases, it is not possible to
identify any specific event that triggers autistic disorder. About 7 in every 10 children and
adolescents with autistic disorder also have mental retardation or other problems with their brain
function or structure.
Recent studies estimate that as many as 14 children out of 10,000 may have autism or a
related condition. About 125,000 Americans are affected by these disorders, and nearly 4,000
families across the country have two or more children with autism. Three times as many boys as
girls have autism.
Researchers are still unsure about what causes autism. Several studies suggest that
autistic disorder might be caused by a combination of biological factors, including exposure to a
virus before birth, a problem with the immune system, or genetics.
Scientists also have identified chemicals in the brain and the immune system that may be
involved in autistic disorder. As a normal brain develops, the level of serotonin, a chemical found
in the brain, declines. In some children with autistic disorder, however, the serotonin levels do
not decline. Now researchers are trying to determine whether this happens only to children with
autism and why, and whether other factors are involved.
asprin
Aspirin
Aspirin may not be healthy for the DIGESTIVE TRACK it can also sometimes cause serious bleeding in the upper GASTROINTESTINAL tract. A study director of medicine said the risk of bleeding is directly related to aspirin. She also stated that 1/4 of an aspirin is good for a day (about the same amount of a baby's aspirin). Another thing she stated was that if you are taking aspirin for arthritis it may cause severe bleeding. Late last moth in a journal called Lancet , Lancet compared the use of aspirin among 550 people admitted to the hospital with serious bleeding from the stomach or DUODENUM with the aspirin-taking practices of 1,202 non hospitalized people from the same communities. An aspirin-induced ULCER or gastric-an inflammation of the stomach lining is the cause of such bleeding that typically results in vomiting blood. In virtually everyone who takes aspirin the aspirin may cause MICRO BLEEDING. The more serious bleeding is rare however it is death threatening, Especially if the person has any other medical problems or has lost a lot of blood quickly. In a survey 19 per 100,000 people had the serious bleeding. It is precisely the power of the aspirin that makes it effective against heart attacks and strokes that are caused by clots.
I think that you should not take aspirin for preventing any heart attacks or strokes or etc.... for a reason and that reason is that it may cause another hazard upon you while you are trying to prevent one happening to you.
Digestive track - The way food is digested.
Gastrointestinal - Of relating to, affecting, or including both stomach and intestine.
Duodenum -The first part of the small intestine extending from the pylorus to the jejunum.
Ulcer - An open sore on the inner surface of the alimentary canal.
Micro bleed -The loss of tiny amounts of blood from the gastrointestinal track that may show up in the stool.
FACTS
1. One regular aspirin a day is not very good for you.
2. Aspirins make you bleed in many different parts of the body.
3. Aspirin may cause death in some cases.
4. The more aspirin you take the more of the chance of you bleeding or even sometimes dying.
5. A large amount of people bleeds from Aspirin.
Aspirin may not be healthy for the DIGESTIVE TRACK it can also sometimes cause serious bleeding in the upper GASTROINTESTINAL tract. A study director of medicine said the risk of bleeding is directly related to aspirin. She also stated that 1/4 of an aspirin is good for a day (about the same amount of a baby's aspirin). Another thing she stated was that if you are taking aspirin for arthritis it may cause severe bleeding. Late last moth in a journal called Lancet , Lancet compared the use of aspirin among 550 people admitted to the hospital with serious bleeding from the stomach or DUODENUM with the aspirin-taking practices of 1,202 non hospitalized people from the same communities. An aspirin-induced ULCER or gastric-an inflammation of the stomach lining is the cause of such bleeding that typically results in vomiting blood. In virtually everyone who takes aspirin the aspirin may cause MICRO BLEEDING. The more serious bleeding is rare however it is death threatening, Especially if the person has any other medical problems or has lost a lot of blood quickly. In a survey 19 per 100,000 people had the serious bleeding. It is precisely the power of the aspirin that makes it effective against heart attacks and strokes that are caused by clots.
I think that you should not take aspirin for preventing any heart attacks or strokes or etc.... for a reason and that reason is that it may cause another hazard upon you while you are trying to prevent one happening to you.
Digestive track - The way food is digested.
Gastrointestinal - Of relating to, affecting, or including both stomach and intestine.
Duodenum -The first part of the small intestine extending from the pylorus to the jejunum.
Ulcer - An open sore on the inner surface of the alimentary canal.
Micro bleed -The loss of tiny amounts of blood from the gastrointestinal track that may show up in the stool.
FACTS
1. One regular aspirin a day is not very good for you.
2. Aspirins make you bleed in many different parts of the body.
3. Aspirin may cause death in some cases.
4. The more aspirin you take the more of the chance of you bleeding or even sometimes dying.
5. A large amount of people bleeds from Aspirin.
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